Self-Driving Cars May Require Human Help

2022-09-18

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1
  • Makers of self driving, or autonomous, vehicles called have raised tens of billions of dollars based on promises to develop the fully robotic product.
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  • However, industry leaders and experts say the technology may forever require human supervision.
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  • Supporters of autonomous vehicles, or AVs, say that computers and robotic technology will reduce the number of traffic accidents.
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  • But in reality, making self-driving cars safer than human-operated is complex.
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  • Self-driving programming lacks the human ability to predict and recognize risk quickly.
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  • Kyle Vogt is the head of Cruise, a unit of American car company General Motors (GM).
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  • When asked if he believed humans could ever be completely free of vehicle operation, Vogt questioned the worthiness of such a goal.
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  • "I can provide my customers peace of mind knowing there is always a human there to help if needed," he said.
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  • "I don't know why I'd ever want to get rid of that."
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  • GM recalled and updated software in 80 Cruise self-driving vehicles this month after a crash in June.
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  • Two people were injured in the accident in San Francisco, California.
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  • U.S. safety officials said the recalled software could "incorrectly predict" an oncoming vehicle's path.
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  • Cruise said its vehicles would not make the same mistake again after the update.
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  • For some, the need for human supervision increases doubt about the technology.
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  • And entirely self-driving vehicles are far behind in development that industry leaders have promised.
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  • In 2018, GM sought U.S. government approval for a fully autonomous car.
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  • It had no steering wheel or brake or gas pedals.
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  • It was to be marketed in 2019.
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  • But that vehicle, the Cruise Origin, now is not expected to begin production until spring 2023, Vogt said.
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  • In 2019, Tesla head Elon Musk promised 1 million robotaxis would be in place by 2020.
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  • His company's "Full Self Driving" feature has been criticized because its cars use human operators.
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  • In June, Musk said that building self-driving cars had been far more difficult than he had expected.
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  • Mike Wagner is with Edge Case Research, which helps AV companies analyze risk.
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  • He said: "If these companies don't succeed over the next two years, they're not going to exist anymore."
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  • Many AV companies today use humans as remote piloting supervisors.
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  • They support self-driving cars in dealing with unexpected events on the road. The industry calls these "edge cases."
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  • Edge cases could include street closures for roadwork, or unpredictable actions by a human driver or walker.
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  • When a self-driving car experiences an edge case, "it puts its hands up and says, 'I don't know what's going on,'" said Koosha Kaveh.
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  • He is with Imperium Drive, which is using humans as remote operators for cars in the British city of Milton Keynes.
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  • Kaveh said their work is similar to air traffic controllers but for autonomous cars instead of planes.
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  • Cruise's Vogt says the company's AVs on the roads in San Francisco currently depend on humans less than one percent of the time.
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  • But across thousands or even millions of AVs, that would add up to a large amount of time stopped on the road waiting for human guidance.
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  • Autonomous systems are not as effective as people because their "perception and prediction algorithms are not as good as how a human brain processes and decides," said expert Chris Borroni-Bird.
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  • He has worked with self-driving vehicles with GM and Waymo.
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  • For example, Borroni-Bird said a human seeing a ball roll into a road is likely to immediately recognize that a child might be chasing that ball.
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  • AVs will not. So, a human driver will reduce speed far more quickly than an AV in such an edge case.
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  • That worries Borroni-Bird.
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  • "I am concerned that AV companies will rush to market without proving the safety is better than human-driven vehicles," he said.
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  • I'm Dan Novak.